How a Lego 4-speed transmission works?

The following images explain how a Lego 4-speed gearbox works.

The brown numbers indicate how many teeth each cog has. The blue numbers indicate which gear the image explains. The green marks on cogs indicate which cogs are rotating to transfer the drive (some additional cogs in the image might also be rotating as idle).

For example, when 3rd gear is selected, the red holder adjacent to 3rd gear clutch (as marked by 3 in the image) moves and attaches to it. Then the associated cogs marked green starts to rotate and finally transfer the drive to wheels.

Please click on each image to view larger size.


If you want to model it, you can do this using either studded or studless beams. When using studded beams, there needs to be 2-plate depth separating upper and lower beams (to hold the axles). Please also note that inside the driving rings, there must be axle joints (as shown in the instruction manual for 8880 for reference).


I can confirm that I have actually modelled this mechanism and it works as shown.


If you own any Lego Technic sets like 8880, 8448 or 8466 then you already know how gearbox works!

Lego Technic - revived my interest

Introduction

Lego is probably the most famous toy manufacturer in the world. Throughout the ages, kids from all over the world adored Lego. Lego is very popular in Europe and North America. In other parts of the world, their penetration is low because of comparative high price and poor marketing.
Lego is company based in Denmark founded in early 70's. Lego builds mecanos. It helps kids to make cars, trucks, planes, houses etc. using small parts (known as bricks and studs in Lego terms).
Lego sets have various themes like trains, bionicle, duplo, technic etc. Among all these, Technic sets are the most sophisticated. In this article I shall discuss Technic sets only.
What makes Lego unique from most other toy manufacturers, is its excellence in providing features in its sets. Don't you feel amazed at 5-speed transmission in toy cars? How about a 4-wheel drive transmission, then?
Does Lego still build wonderful sets? Unfortunately, the answer is no. Though the company still makes toys, its quality has surprisingly fallen compared to past. Like many Lego fans, I don't know the reason. May be they are trying to capture a different market or so. That means, Lego has probably already made its best toys.
Lego has several technic sets. Not all of them are good. However, some are so good that they are more suitable to crazy adults than kids!
At the later part of this article, I have described all good Lego Technic sets in details.
Lego has sets of train models as well. However, I personally never liked Lego train models as Hornby (or similar manufacturer) trains are seemed far more realistic to me.

Features of Lego Technic sets

Please be aware that not all features are available in all sets! Most single sets have only two or three features available from the following list.

• Turn wheels using steering
• Differentials on transmission shaft
• Independent suspension on car/truck/bike wheels
• Air tank driven pneumatic cylinder movement (mostly in cranes & trucks)
• Multi-speed gearbox
• 4-wheels drive transmission
• Adjustable seats
• Opening doors, engine hood etc.
• Tilting truck container
• Engine mimicking cylinder movements (not real petrol engine!)
• Battery driven electric motors to move vehicle or cranes.
• Programmable movements (mostly on Mindstorm/RCX models)
• Rudder and aileron movement in planes
• Turntable movement in cranes
• Telescopic booms in cranes
• Rotor movements in helicopters

Lego parts are made of plastic materials. Their precision and manufacturing quality are quite high - they always fit together with one another. Usual shelf life of Lego sets is around 15 years or more. However motors tend to seize operation sooner.

Lego resource on web

I am sure you are going to ask how you can get old Lego Technic sets now. Well, there are several shops who sell those old items but their prices are usually quite high. Following websites may help you.
www.lego.com (official Lego site only current modes available for sale)
www.bricklink.com (unofficial Lego market place for new/used sets)
www.lugnet.com (Lego fan site - see picture of any Lego set and read review)
www.brickset.com (Lego fan site - see picture of any Lego set and read review)
www.brickshelf.com (scanned pages of Lego instruction books)
www.ebay.co.uk, www.ebay.com etc. (for used Lego sets)
It is even possible to create virtual Lego models on computer. There are CAD like programs available for this. Fortunately, they are free. One such original program is LDRAW (www.ldraw.org). However, it is a DOS based program. But you can have several of its Window's GUI versions. One such popular GUI is MLCAD (www.lm-software.com/mlcad/). LDRAW is an open architecture program. That means you can even incorporate custom parts with it.
When buying used Lego, be careful about its completeness! Often seller claims items as 100% complete and which after purchase turns out to be not so. If some minor parts are missing, you can probably replenish them from your other Lego sets, however, if any critical part is missing, it might render your entire model incomplete! Also, battery operated motors tend to become faulty with older used models.

Lego in India

Unfortunately, very few shops sale Lego technic sets in India. Moreover, their price seems to be too high! (Rs 3,000 - 7,000 range). Moreover, you'll only get latest Lego sets in the market.. Also, it is highly difficult to get old Lego sets in India. My own Lego sets were all bought from Germany and UK mainly.

Lego Technic

Description of best Lego Technic sets (includes set number, year of release, brief description, indicative market price in £ GBP where possible - please note that price may vary widely between seller to seller).
A/RWD = All/Rear Wheel Drive
CARS
853 Car Chassis 1977 - V4 front engine, 2-speed gearbox, RWD £40
8880 Super Car 1994 - V8 rear mounted engine, 4-speed gearbox, AWD, all wheels independent suspension, all wheels steering, opening hood, pop up headlamps etc. £50
8448 Street Car Sensation 1999 - V8 front mounted engine, 6-speed gearbox, RWD, all wheels independent suspension, opening hood, opening doors etc. £70
8466 4x4 Off Roader 2001 - V8 front mounted engine, 6-speed gearbox, RWD, all wheels independent suspension, opening hood, opening doors etc. £60
8865 Test Car 1988 - rear V4 square cylinder engine, 3-speed gearbox, RWD, all wheels independent suspension, adjustable seats etc. £25
8860 Auto Chassis 1980 - V4 square cylinder engine, 2-speed gearbox, RWD, rear wheels suspension, adjustable seats etc. £35
8437 Future Car 1997 - V4 engine, RWD, rear wheels suspension, opening doors, hood etc. £6
8428/8432 Concept Car (with CD) 1998 - similar to 8437, front V4 engine £8
8461 Williams Racing Car 2002 - V10 engine, RWD, suspension, large scale car (65 cm length) £50
8458 Silver Champion Racing Car 2000 - V10 engine, RWD, suspension, large scale car £50
8386 Ferrari 2003 - V10 engine, RWD etc. £35
TRUCKS & CRANES
8479 Barcode Truck 1997 - motor, Code Pilot (barcode reader), several programmable movements and sound by reading barcode sheet, movable front clamps, tilting container with cogs, rack and pinion, electronic sensors, RWD £60
8868 Air tech Claw Rig Truck 1992 - V6 engine, RWD, pneumatic cylinders driven by motor, air tank compressor £60
8460/8438/8431 Pneumatic Truck 1995/2003/2002 - pneumatic cranes, several gear functions, crane boom movement, turntable etc. £40
8462 Tow Truck 1998 - air tank, pneumatic cylinders £30
8436 Truck chassis 2003 - V6 engine, RWD, pneumatic cylinders £40
8862 Backhoe Grader 1989 - several gears and pneumatic cylinder functions £30
8459/8464 Front end Loader 1997 - V6 engine, air tank, pneumatic cylinders £30
8455 Backhoe 2003 - pneumatic cylinders movement £50
8275 Motorized Bulldozer 2007 - remote controls, 4 motors, tracked wheels £100
8421 Mobile Crane 2005 - an version of 8460/8438 with motor and air pump £80
8258 Crane Truck - realistic truck with crane. Has mechanical stabilizers, tilted cab, V8 engine, power motor, pneumatics. £150

OTHERS

8480 Space Shuttle 1996 - 2 motors, fiber optics, multi-speed transmission etc. £65
8422 Circuit Racer Bike 1995 - V2 engine, suspension, chain drive etc. £5
8425 Black Hawk Plane 1996 - retractable landing gear, rudder, aileron, propellers movements through gears £25
8855 Sea Plane 1988 - V2 engine, big propeller, rudder, aileron movements etc. £12
8284 Tractor 2006 - engine, RWD, ploughing equipments £30
8274 Combine Harvester 2007 - rotating cylinder, detachable cutting and thrashing bars £50
HOUSES
Lego modular buildings. All are on mini fig scale.
10185 Green Grocer - A G+3 story building with floors and some interior details like windows, stairs, fireplace and furnitures. £100
4956 a house with ground floor only with gable roof and garage.
4954 town house with two floors and garage. But it has no interior or floors!
10197 Fire Brigade - replica of a fire brigade building. £100
10211 Grand Emporium - a 3-storied departmental store with flooring, figures, interior furniture, revolving door and several other details. £139
10190 Market Street - a somewhat narrower version of 10185 with good detail.
10182 Cafe Corner - G+3 building with interior detail.
5891 Apple Tree House - G+1 house with garage. Empty interior but ladder to upstairs. £33
6754 Family Home - a G+1 storied house with interior details £84
Note: Models released after 2001, mostly use stud less (non conventional technic) beams.

Linux Distro watch - again

I was recently playing again with some more Linux distros.

PinguyOS, which is based on Ubuntu, is very good out of the box distro. You can run it from live CD or from USB.

The flash support is built in and YouTube videos open fine.

But it has a big drawback - you can use persistent storage feature. Even though it exists in theory I could not make it work!

That's why I still can't praise it enough.

One reason why typical Windows users will be willing to use Linux is they want to play with a different OS.

For them, being able to boot from USB and save settings and other data is important. Also flash support etc. should be very easy to set up.

If possible, USB disk should be accessible from Windows system (with SuSE, Windows could not read the drive).

The distro should also come with common packages Open Office, although it is not that imporant as web based office apps are quite handy nowadays.

I tried EasyPeasy Linux and didn't really like the interface.

Lately I also poked around SuSE 11.3 It now has persistence feature created on the fly at first reboot. It's interface is eye catching. But some useful apps are not put into shortcuts by default! It froze once during my brief testing.

So, at the end, my Linux distro favorites still remain the same - Fedora, Ubuntu and SuSE (in that order).

Ab Initio vs Clover ETL

Among all ETL tools used, Clover ETL comes closes to Ab Initio in look and feel.

I felt immediately at home with Clover's Designer (equivalent to Ab Initio's GDE).

Here is a 1-to-1 equivalent of Clover's components compared with Ab Initio's.

Ab Initio	Clover ETL
Input files	Universal Data Reader
Output files	Universal Data Writer
Reformat	Reformat
Join (in memory)	ExtHashJoin
Join (sorted)	ExtMergeJoin
Run component	SystemExecute, DBExcute, RunGraph
Join with DB	DBJoin
Lookup	Lookup Join
DB Table	DB Input Table
Trash	Trash
Filter	ExtFilter
Sort	ExtSort
Sort within Group	SortWithinGroups
Replicate	SimpleCopy
Dedup	Dedup
Concatenate	Concatenate
Gather	SimpleGather
Merge	Merge
Partition	Partition
Aggregate (deprecated)	Aggregate
Normalize	Normalizer
Denormalize	Denormalizer
Rollup	Rollup

Database vs ETL processing - a comparison

Source data

The POINT table/file holds 100 records similar to this. Point ranges from 1000 to 5000.

CustNo	Point
1054	2781
1055	3050
1056	3714
1057	3385
1058	3910
1059	3041
1060	3301
1061	4615
1062	4300
1063	5126

The CUSTOMER table/file holds 100 records similar to shown below.

CustNo	Name	Address	Town	Postcode	Sex
1054	Kirby Roman	390-4028 Vitae Avenue	Twin Falls	QO8 9DS	F
1055	Brianna Kaufman	Ap #414-8109 Nunc St.	Aberdeen	MD01 6PY	F
1056	Quon Maldonado	1214 Mi St.	Nevada City	EJ7 3BW	F
1057	Sarah Burke	897-4509 Integer Rd.	DuBois	J2 0ZW	F
1058	Alice Pickett	3730 Sed Street	Grambling	C6G 8YI	F
1059	Odette Richard	P.O. Box 920, 6838 Felis Av.	Oklahoma City	O5 0QM	F
1060	Ursa Nunez	310 Euismod Street	Pierre	P30 8FZ	F
1061	Caryn Walker	Ap #969-5153 Ipsum. Rd.	Idaho Falls	GF1 2VR	F
1062	Dai Lawrence	907-2556 Suspendisse Rd.	Pass Christian	B3R 2JV	F
1063	Claudia Calhoun	P.O. Box 932, 3401 Cras Avenue	Poughkeepsie	XU8 7LC	F

Requirement

1. Select only customers with points > 1000
2. Join with customer details on CustNo to populate customer details with points
3. Based on customer gender, create salutation field in output as Mr/Ms First name Surname
4. Create 3 feeds named Gold, Silver & Bronze based on following logic
• Gold - point > 4001
• Silver - point between 2001 and 4000
• Bronze - point between 1001 and 2000

All output feeds will have following fields:

CustNo
Salutation
Address
City PostCode
Point
Category (Gold/Silver/Bronze)

The output will look like this.

CustNo	Name	Address	Town Postcode	Point	Category
1073	Ms Cassidy Stokes	9679 Malesuada Ave	Sedalia BX4G 0HV	4120	Gold
1074	Ms Germane Olson	P.O. Box 631, 2307 Lobortis Road	Darlington N1H 3IM	5402	Gold
1044	Mr Emery Andrews	6721 Quis Av.	Needham X3Z 9SJ	3158	Silver
1045	Mr Leonard Logan	P.O. Box 554, 591 Massa. Road	Minnetonka LF3F 6ON	2569	Silver
1030	Mr Stewart Sanford	Ap #246-7429 Vitae Av.	Gadsden V26 6GZ	1522	Bronze

NB. There will actually be 3 output feeds - for gold, silver and bronze customers.

ETL Solution

The Clover ETL solution will be like shown in next figure.




Database Solution

The solution shown here uses Oracle database.

There will be a table named PROCESS_FLOW which will control the overall flow as explained further.

The sample contents of this table will be like this for the particular example we are discussing here.

STEP	SOURCE_VIEW	TARGET_TABLE	ACTION	DESCRIPTION
10	CUSTOMER_FILTER	CUSTOMER_FILTER_TABLE	TRUNCATE INSERT	selecting customers with point > 1000
20	CUSTOMER_JOIN	CUSTOMER_JOIN_TABLE	TRUNCATE INSERT	join above step with customer on CustNo
30	CUSTOMER_GOLD	CUSTOMER_GOLD_TABLE	TRUNCATE INSERT	select category = "GOLD" from above output

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW CUSTOMER_FILTER AS SELECT * FROM POINT WHERE POINT > 1000;
CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_FILTER_TABLE AS SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER_FILTER WHERE 1=2;
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER_FILTER_TABLE SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER_FILTER;
COMMIT;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW CUSTOMER_JOIN AS
SELECT P.CUSTNO, C.CUSTNAME, C.ADDRESS, C.TOWN, C.POSTCODE, P.POINT, C.SEX
,CASE WHEN P.POINT > 4000 THEN 'GOLD' WHEN (P.POINT > 2000 AND P.POINT <= 4000) THEN 'SILVER' WHEN (P.POINT > 1000 AND P.POINT <= 2000) THEN 'BRONZE' END CATEGORY FROM CUSTOMER_FILTER_TABLE P JOIN CUSTOMER C ON P.CUSTNO = C.CUSTNO; INSERT INTO CUSTOMER_JOIN_TABLE SELECT CJ.CUSTNO, DECODE(SEX,'M','Mr','F','Ms','??') || ' ' || CJ.CUSTNAME , CJ.ADDRESS, CJ.TOWN || ' ' || CJ.POSTCODE , NULL,CJ.POINT, CJ.SEX,CJ.CATEGORY FROM CUSTOMER_JOIN CJ; COMMIT; SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER_JOIN_TABLE; -- POSTCODE WILL BE NULL AS WE COMBINED THAT WITH TOWN IN PREVIOUS FIELD CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW CUSTOMER_GOLD AS SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER_JOIN_TABLE WHERE CATEGORY = 'GOLD'; CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER_GOLD_TABLE AS SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER_GOLD WHERE 1=2; INSERT INTO CUSTOMER_GOLD_TABLE SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER_GOLD; COMMIT; SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER_GOLD; -- list of GOLD customers

So, we can see how involved database processing steps are!

Difference between DB & ETL processing

Topic	DB	ETL
Parallel processing	DB process is sequential.	ETL process is parallel.
Phasing	DB process each step in a different phase.	Independent ETL components may be in same phase.
I/O	DB process lands data in disk (= tables).	ETL process can run in pipeline manner, without landing data to disk thus reducing I/O.
Intuitiveness	DB process is not intuitive. It makes maintaining them very difficult.	ETL process is a diagram. Very easy to understand and modify.
Platform specific	DB process is DB specific.	ETL process is generic. Heterogeneous environments can implement ETL processes in similar fashion.
Debugging	Debugging in DB is very cumbersome.	Debugging on ETL is often visual - so easy to spot problem.

Conclusion

An ETL process is much easier to maintain than DB specific process.

Car handling terms - what they mean?

Sharp handling - the car goes exactly where you points steering and intend to go. It should not lose grip either. If you try to drive a family car over 60 km/h in a twisted road, you may find that the car may drift towards wrong side of central line marker! This means the handling is not sharp. Sometimes this can be taken care by traction control.

Sharp handling also means steering has to be precise ie car will go exactly where intend it to go. It will neigher understeer (mostly FWD) and not oversteer (mostly RWD). Vague steering also indicates driver is having difficulty judging how much exactly the car will turn if he moves steering a precise angle.

Body roll - it means when you take a sharp turn, the inside suspension pushes the car down and outside suspension pushes it up - resulting a feeling in body as if it is rolling on one side. A softer suspension will contribute to more body roll and vice versa for firm suspension. That is why most sports car has a firm suspension. On other hand, too much firm suspension means unfortable ride over not so smooth road surfaces.

Punchy/nippy/rev happy engine - means if you plot a graph of time vs RPM, it is quite steep. This also ensures car will have rapid acceleration. If this curve is flatter, then the engine is often termed as agricultural :)

Wallowy ride - more applicable to American cars with soft suspension. This is similar to ride you get in boats.

Engine running out of puff - it means engine has reached its max power output and unable to speed up the car any more.

A sports car will have - sharp handling, precise steering, firm suspension, good acceleration and good grip. Sometimes tyres are designed to sacrifice wet grip in favor of dry grip.

Handling of cars also depends on engine layout like FWD, RWD or mid-engined cars.

Location of UK Motorway Services

You can plot this on online maps, Sat Navs or can just print and keep a copy in your car.

Latitude|Longitude|ServiceName
55.56536|-1.79202|A1 - Adderstone
52.80251|-0.61043|A1 - Colsterworth
52.94826|-0.67924|A1 - Great Gonerby
55.92459|-3.04416|A1 - Inveresk
54.44339|-1.66665|A1 - Scotch Corner
52.01373|-0.20123|A1(M) - J10 - Baldock
52.53187|-0.32212|A1(M) - J17 - Peterborough
53.38666|-1.05934|A1(M) - J34 - Blyth
54.72834|-1.5241|A1(M) - J61 - Durham
54.88905|-1.55962|A1(M) - J64/J65 - Washington (N)
54.89076|-1.55858|A1(M) - J64/J65 - Washington (S)
54.95219|-2.97988|A74 - Rockcliffe (S)
55.2193|-3.4112|A74(M) - J16/J17 - Annandale Water Services
56.77403|-2.60878|A90 - Inchbare
51.94615|-0.50183|M1 - J11/J12 - Toddington (N)
51.94876|-0.50297|M1 - J11/J12 - Toddington (S)
52.0823|-0.74831|M1 - J14/J15 - Newport Pagnell (N)
52.20834|-0.94255|M1 - J15a - Rothersthorpe (N)
52.21074|-0.9456|M1 - J15a - Rothersthorpe (S)
52.30564|-1.12241|M1 - J16/J17 - Watford Gap (N)
52.30815|-1.12252|M1 - J16/J17 - Watford Gap (S)
52.6178|-1.20609|M1 - J21/21a - Leicester Forest East (N)
52.62047|-1.20541|M1 - J21/21a - Leicester Forest East (S)
52.69617|-1.29516|M1 - J22 - Markfield, Leicester
52.82343|-1.3069|M1 - J23a/J24 - Donnington Park
52.96144|-1.26937|M1 - J25/J26 - Trowell (N)
52.96301|-1.26526|M1 - J25/J26 - Trowell (S)
53.13821|-1.33194|M1 - J28/J29 - Tibshelf (N)
51.63436|-0.26685|M1 - J3 - London Gateway
53.31454|-1.28338|M1 - J30/J31 - Woodall (N)
53.31658|-1.28088|M1 - J30/J31 - Woodall (S)
53.62202|-1.54912|M1 - J38/J39 - Wooley Edge (N)
53.62205|-1.54652|M1 - J38/J39 - Wooley Edge (S)
51.87115|0.19678|M11 - J8 - Birchanger Green, Bishop Stortford
51.34138|0.60594|M2 - J4/J5 - Medway (E)
51.34118|0.61019|M2 - J4/J5 - Medway (W)
51.26467|0.61489|M20 - J8 - Maidstone
51.0843|-0.198|M23 - J11 - Peas Pottage
51.68771|-0.2247|M25 - J23 - South Mimms
51.49118|0.26966|M25 - J30(S)/J31(N) - Thurrock
51.27259|0.03684|M25 - J5/J6 - Clacket Lane (E)
51.27259|0.04298|M25 - J5/J6 - Clacket Lane (W)
50.9578|-1.44831|M27 - J3/J4 - Rownhams (E), Toothill
50.95724|-1.44803|M27 - J3/J4 - Rownhams (W), Toothill
51.29609|-0.85786|M3 - J4a/J5 - Fleet (E)
51.29583|-0.85385|M3 - J4a/J5 - Fleet (W)
51.1193|-1.2545|M3 - J8/J9 - Winchester (N)
51.11709|-1.25358|M3 - J8/J9 - Winchester (S)
51.42395|-1.03164|M4 - J11/J12 - Reading (E)
51.42236|-1.03191|M4 - J11/J12 - Reading (W)
51.44961|-1.31033|M4 - J13 - Chieveley
51.48438|-1.558|M4 - J14/J15 - Membury (E)
51.48029|-1.5556|M4 - J14/J15 - Membury (W)
51.51041|-2.16246|M4 - J17/J18 - Leigh Delamere (E)
51.51046|-2.15414|M4 - J17/J18 - Leigh Delamere (W)
51.48828|-0.3901|M4 - J2/3 - Heston (E)
51.48737|-0.39119|M4 - J2/J3 - Heston (W)
51.5881|-2.83879|M4 - J23a - Magor
51.53992|-3.13093|M4 - J30 - Cardiff Gate
51.50813|-3.31019|M4 - J33 - Cardiff West
51.53412|-3.57646|M4 - J36 - Sarn Park
51.67886|-3.9957|M4 - J47 - Swansea
51.74723|-4.06447|M4 - J49 - Pont Abraham
51.94926|-1.20103|M40 - J10 - Cherwell Valley
52.21912|-1.50489|M40 - J15 - Warwick (E)
52.21661|-1.50345|M40 - J15 - Warwick (W)
51.73875|-1.09747|M40 - J8/J8a - Oxford
52.60649|-1.64171|M42 - J10 - Tamworth
52.36315|-1.94847|M42 - J2 - Hopwood Park
51.60307|-2.6199|M48 - J1 - Severn View, Aust
51.65548|-2.43319|M5 - J13/J14 - Michaelwood (N)
51.65846|-2.4245|M5 - J13/J14 - Michaelwood (S)
51.47695|-2.7092|M5 - J19 - Gordano
51.2682|-2.92335|M5 - J21/J22 - Sedgemoor (N)
51.26984|-2.92026|M5 - J21/J22 - Sedgemoor (S)
51.1043|-2.99566|M5 - J24 - Bridgewater
50.97702|-3.14878|M5 - J25/J26 - Taunton Deane (N)
50.97689|-3.14479|M5 - J25/J26 - Taunton Deane (S)
50.86291|-3.38429|M5 - J28/J29 - Cullompton
52.42797|-2.01871|M5 - J3/J4 - Frankley (N)
52.42943|-2.01677|M5 - J3/J4 - Frankley (S)
50.71535|-3.46514|M5 - J30 - Exeter, Sowton
52.06376|-2.15662|M5 - J7/J8 - Stensham (N)
52.05816|-2.14178|M5 - J7/J8 - Strensham (S)
51.92828|-2.57007|M50 (A449) - J4 - Ross Spur (N)
52.642|-2.0564|M6 - J10a/J11 - Hilton Park (N)
52.6447|-2.05646|M6 - J10a/J11 - Hilton Park (S)
52.88319|-2.17023|M6 - J14/J15 - Stafford (N)
52.87454|-2.16433|M6 - J14/J15 - Stafford (S)
52.99285|-2.28771|M6 - J15/J16 - Keele (N)
52.99429|-2.29155|M6 - J15/J16 - Keele (S)
53.13793|-2.33777|M6 - J16/J17 - Sandbach (N)
53.14009|-2.33597|M6 - J16/J17 - Sandbach (S)
53.3|-2.40236|M6 - J18/J19 - Knutsford (N)
53.30168|-2.40079|M6 - J18/J19 - Knutsford (S)
53.35948|-2.50495|M6 - J21 - Lymm
53.63039|-2.69083|M6 - J27/J28 - Charnock Richard (N)
53.63254|-2.69071|M6 - J27/J28 - Charnock Richard (S)
52.4726|-1.54965|M6 - J3/J3a - Corley (E)
52.46971|-1.54583|M6 - J3/J3a - Corley (W)
53.96069|-2.75907|M6 - J32/J33 - Lancaster (N)
53.96335|-2.76077|M6 - J32/J33 - Lancaster (S)
54.17816|-2.73467|M6 - J35/J36 - Burton-in-Kendal (N)
54.316|-2.637|M6 - J36/J37 - Killington Lake (S)
54.44932|-2.60687|M6 - J38/J39 - Tebay (N)
54.7954|-2.8703|M6 - J41/J42 - Southwaite (N)
54.80111|-2.87067|M6 - J41/J42 - Southwaite (S)
52.66494|-1.96975|M6 Toll - JT6/J7 - North Canes
53.59834|-2.57331|M61 - J6/J8 - Bolton West (N)
53.60193|-2.57417|M61 - J6/J8 - Bolton West (S)
53.56734|-2.23402|M62 - J18/J19 - Birch (N)
53.56835|-2.22872|M62 - J18/J19 - Birch (S)
53.71129|-1.74594|M62 - J25/J26 - Hartshead Moor (N)
53.715|-1.74454|M62 - J25/J26 - Hartshead Moor (S)
53.69712|-1.26613|M62 - J33 - Ferrybridge
53.41677|-2.64037|M62 - J8 - Burtonwood (N)
53.4171|-2.63419|M62 - J8 - Burtonwood (S)
53.71469|-2.47813|M65 - J4 - Blackburn with Darwen
55.5832|-3.8223|M74 - J11 - Happendon
55.5062|-3.69535|M74 - J13/J14 - Abington
55.0088|-3.0853|M74 - J21/J22 - Gretna Green
55.81242|-4.06159|M74 - J4/J5 - J4-5 Bothwell (S)
55.7898|-4.03735|M74 - J5/J6 - Hamilton (N)
55.8638|-3.76153|M8 - J4/J5 - Heart Of Scotland, Harthill (E)
55.86289|-3.75707|M8 - J4/J5 - Heart Of Scotland, Harthill (W)
56.07594|-3.92238|M80 - J6 - Stirling
56.07594|-3.92238|M9 - J9 - Stirling
56.21012|-3.43941|M90 - J6 - Kinross